UN’s Ban Ki-Moon calls Aral Sea ‘shocking disaster’

The Aral Sea was once the world’s fourth-largest saline body of water, it has been steadily shrinking since the 1960s, after the rivers that fed it were diverted by Soviet Union irrigation projects. By 2004, the sea had shrunk to 25% of its original surface area, and a nearly fivefold increase in salinity had killed most of its natural flora and fauna. By 2007 it had declined to 10% of its original size, splitting into three separate lakes, two of which are too salty to support fish. The once prosperous fishing industry has been virtually destroyed, and former fishing towns along the original shores have become ship graveyards. With this collapse has come unemployment and economic hardship

NUKUS, Uzbekistan – The drying up of the Aral Sea is one of the planet’s most shocking environmental
disasters, U.N.
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said Sunday as he urged Central Asian leaders
to step up efforts to solve the problem.

Once the world’s fourth-largest lake, the sea has shrunk by 90 percent since the rivers that feed it were largely diverted
in a Soviet project to boost cotton production in the arid region.

The shrunken sea has ruined the once-robust fishing economy and left fishing trawlers stranded in sandy wastelands, leaning
over as if they dropped from the air. The sea’s evaporation has left
layers of highly salted sand, which winds can carry as far away as
Scandinavia and Japan,
and which plague local people with health troubles.

Ban toured the sea by helicopter as part of a visit to the five countries of former Soviet Central Asia. His trip included a
touchdown in Muynak, Uzbekistan,
a town once on the shore where a pier stretches eerily over gray desert
and camels stand near the hulks of stranded ships.

“On the pier, I wasn’t seeing anything, I could see only a graveyard of ships,” Ban told reporters after arriving in Nukus,
the nearest sizable city and capital of the autonomous Karakalpak
region.

“It is clearly one of the worst disasters, environmental disasters of the world. I was so shocked,” he said.

The Aral Sea catastrophe is one of Ban’s top concerns on his six-day trip through the region and he is calling on the
countries’ leaders to set aside rivalries to cooperate on repairing some
of the damage.

“I urge all the leaders … to sit down together and try to find the solutions,” he said, promising United Nations support.

However, cooperation is hampered by disagreements over who has rights to scarce water and how it should be used.

In a presentation to Ban before his flyover, Uzbek officials complained that dam projects in Tajikistan will severely reduce the amount
of water flowing into Uzbekistan. Impoverished Tajikistan sees the
hydroelectric projects as potential key revenue earners.

Competition for water could become increasingly heated as global warming
and rising populations further reduce the amount of water available per capita.

Water problems also could brew further dissatisfaction among civilians already troubled by poverty and
repressive governments; some observers fear that could feed growing
Islamist sentiment in the region.

Ban also is taking on the region’s frequently poor human rights conditions.

That is likely to be an especially tense issue when he meets Monday with Uzbek
President Islam Karimov, who has led the country since the 1991
Soviet collapse and imposed severe pressure on opposition and civil rights activists.

The meeting comes less than two weeks after the U.N. Human Rights Committee issued a report criticizing Uzbekistan, including
calling for fuller investigation of the brutal suppression of a 2005
uprising in the city of Andijan. Opposition and rights groups claim that
hundreds were killed, but authorities insist the reports are
exaggerated and angrily reject any criticism.